Janete El Haouli: Demetrio Stratos: en busca de la voz-musica

https://www.academia.edu/36699537/Demetrio_Stratos_en_busca_de_la_voz-musica

 Janete El Haouli : Demetrio Stratos en busca de la voz-música

La voz, que en el principio era el Verbo, por tanto todo, una voz-Dios, en el transcurso de los siglos sufrió una parábola irreversible: después de haber tocado suntuosidades de indu-dable esplendor (la tradición de la narración oral, el canto folclórico, los dialectos), la función de la voz en la sociedad moderna, y luego en la posmoderna, se fue al encuentro, por desgracia, de una inesperada y estrepitosa derrota. El símbolo de esta debacle quedó estigmatizado en la victoria de la tele-visión sobre la radio: la imagen triunfó sobre la palabra, redu-ciéndola a corolario de sí misma. Y esto sucedió no sólo a nivel mediático, sino también, por desventura, en la vida diaria, don-de parece que cuenta más el look   que la sustancia, más cómo te ves que lo que en realidad uno es. Lo han entendido muy bien los políticos —en Italia tenemos un claro ejemplo en nuestro presidente del Consejo—, quienes, sobre todo cuando aparecen en televisión, semejan divos del cine y no representantes legí-timos del pueblo. Ronald Reagan encarnó el prototipo de esta generación de políticos: se dice que solamente cuando daba aquel saludo entre militaresco y hollywoodiano se sentía ver-daderamente satisfecho de ser presidente.En este contexto tan desolador donde la imagen, en todo sentido, desempeña el papel prevaricador de as que todo lo abarca, defender la voz significa antes que nada insertarse en una minoría, con la conciencia, por otra parte, de que se está protegiendo un tesoro tan antiguo como el mundo. Pregunta: ¿quién defiende la voz hoy, después del big bang primigenio de la Torre de Babel? Respuesta: los artistas expe-rimentales tanto de la vocalidad como de la oralidad, por reto-mar una distinción esencial hecha en su tiempo por el especia-lista Paul Zumthor. La rebelión comenzó con las vanguardias históricas (futurismo, Dada, surrealismo); en el siglo XX  prosi-guió con el letrismo de los años cincuenta, de la poesía sonora a la polipoesía. Se trataba de devolverle a la voz el lugar que le

corresponde, o bien, el rol que inopinadamente se le había qui-tado. Por consiguiente, en el  performance  polipoético, la voz, la poesía sonora, asume nuevamente su papel de protagonista indiscutible, manteniendo a distancia a los demás elementos (música, imagen, mímica, etcétera), también necesarios para el evento, pero relegados sobre el escenario.En el ámbito de la recuperación vocal, Demetrio Stratos re-presenta una etapa fundamental, quizás irrepetible, porque en su búsqueda se conjugan diversos componentes: en primer lu-gar, el extraordinario instrumento de la voz, perfeccionado hasta los extremos alcanzados, y la gran carga ideológica, típi-ca de los tiempos que él atravesó iluminándolos como un me-teoro, mas sin degenerar nunca en el populismo.El estudio de Janete El Haouli, tan profundo y culto, reali-zado sobre una base estructural, pone acertadamente en evi-dencia la otra especificidad: Stratos no precisa de un lenguaje que se abandone a las palabras —éste es el saldo innovador—, no se desvía hacia un ruidismo significativo y tecnológico como lo habían hecho los representantes de la poesía sonora (Henri Chopin, o el grupo sueco de Fylkingen), sino que sos-tiene que la voz es en sí un lenguaje. Yo añadiría en su caso, que la voz es espectáculo, que la voz es el hombre mismo o la mujer misma (Stratos se sentía hombre y mujer). Logra, por ende, reconducir la voz a su estado de pureza primitiva, quitándole aquel matiz de banalidad y corrupción acumulado por el desgaste cotidiano. En un periodo donde la carrera tecnológica asumía ya excesos desenfrenados, se asiste a la recuperación natural de la voz. Toda su labor experimental se llevó a cabo sin ningún apoyo técnico: él, su voz, su cuerpo.Estoy convencido de que aun amando a la voz más que a sí mismo, hubiera querido con el tiempo traicionarla, al menos en el sentido que Milan Kundera da al verbo traicionar ( cfr.   l’Arte del Romanzo ), es decir, salir al descubierto, ir al encuentro de

lo desconocido. Éste es el verdadero sentido de su búsqueda: no ponerse límites e ir siempre más allá, traicionando lo exis-tente para inventarse un límite nuevo y, una vez alcanzado o traicionado, dejarlo por otro límite todavía por hacer pedazos. Uno se pregunta adónde habría llegado si no hubiera sido des-baratado de manera tan prematura.Demetrio Stratos representa hoy un punto de paso obligado para entender adónde dirigir nuestros pasos. Recuerdo una be-lla tardeada organizada en su honor en Romapoesía, el 29 de septiembre de 2000. Yo era el único italiano entre los invita-dos. Pues bien, después de más de veinte años, todos los parti-cipantes todavía coincidían en cuanto a la actualidad, origina-lidad y tal vez unicidad de Cantare la Voce  o  Metrodora .Reflexionando sobre lo que, con toda razón, escribe Janete El Haouli a propósito del nomadismo vocal, es verdad que la cacofonía impera hoy, es verdad que nuestros oídos sufren constantes ataques acústicos debido a la creciente contamina-ción sonora, es verdad que la rutina ha acostumbrado a nuestro módulo de escucha a la peor horda de sonidos, por lo que nada más logra aturdirnos o asombrarnos.Por tanto, la lección de Stratos se propone como un faro para quien aún quiere navegar, porque supo tomar la voz de los fondos de la canción; la depuró de la escoria de los eslóganes políticos pronunciados en voz alta en los cortejos; la despojó del esmero oral y superficial de la poesía de premio Nobel, para revalorar lo que la sociedad capitalista había redimensio-nado de manera demasiado rápida. Así, apegándose a lo más característico del ser humano y sometiéndose a ritmos de ver-dadero atleta, se convirtió en el Rey Midas de la voz. Todo lo que hacía, apenas lo experimentaba, se convertía en oro. Volviéndolo a escuchar, después de tantos años, su poder impactante se conserva intacto, su potencia vocal comunica siempre algo insólito. Yo diría que es inagotable en sus circun-

voluciones canoras, y finalmente entiendo por qué en el fondo de su incesante búsqueda se encuentra esa insustituible tonali-dad baja: porque en los tres timbres adoptados del canto indio, el bajo indica la alegría, y Stratos nos ha querido transmitir precisamente ese estado de alegría o, como diría Duchamp, una perenne euforia.  Enzo Minarelli

file:///C:/Users/Tran/OneDrive/Bureau/Demetrio_Stratos_en_busca_de_la_voz-musi(2).pdf

Ken-Ichi Sakakibara,Leonardo Fuks,Hiroshi Imagawa, Niro Tayama : Growl voice in and pop styles

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Musical Acoustics, March 31st to April 3rd 2004 (ISMA2004), Nara, Japan

Ken-Ichi Sakakibara , Leonardo Fuks , HiroshiImagawa , Niro Tayama
NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Japan
Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
School of Music, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Department of Speech Physiology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
International Medical Center of Japan, Japan
kis@brl.ntt.co.jp leofuks@serv.com.ufrj.br
imagawa@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp ntayama@imcj.hosp.go.jp

Growl voice in ethnic and pop styles

Article (PDF Available) · May 2 with 356 Reads

Cite this publication

 

 

 

 

  • Department of Speech Physiology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
    International Medical Center of Japan, Japan
    Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Abstract
Among the so-called extended vocal techniques, vocal growl is a rather common effect in some ethnic (e.g. the Xhosa people in South Africa) and pop styles (e.g. Jazz, Louis Armstrong-type) of music. Growl usually consists of simultaneous vibrations of the vocal folds and supra-glottal structures of the larynx, either in harmonic or sub-harmonic co-oscillation. This paper examines growl mechanism using vide-ofluoroscopy and high-speed imaging, and its acousit-cal characteristics by spectral analysis and model simu-lation. In growl, the larynx position is usually high and aryepiglottic folds vibrate. The aryepiglottic constriction is associated to a unique shape of the vocal tract, includ-ing the larynx tube, and characterizes growl.

1. Introduction

The term growl is originally referred to as low-pitched
sounds uttered by animals, such as dogs, or similar
sounds by humans, and therefore is mainly described
by auditory-perceptual impression. Growl is widely ob-
served in singing as well as in shouting and aroused
speech.
The growl phonation has been also referred to as the
phonation observed in some singing styles, such as the
jazz singing style of Louis Armstrong 1and Cab Cal-
loway, [2, 3]. Many jazz, blues, and gospel singers often
use growl in a similar manner. Besides such pop musics
from North America, growl styles are widely found in
pop music of other areas: in Brazil, samba singers, par-
ticularly in carnival lead voices, pop star Elza Soares, and
country singing duoBruno& Marrone; in Japan, Enka (a
popular emotive style) singers, such as Harumi Miyako,
employ it frequently. Some singers use growl extensively
through a song, while others use it as a vocal effect for
expressive emphasis.
In ethnic music, one of the most prominent use of
growl is found in umngqokolo, which is a vocal tradition
of the Xhosa people in South Africa [11]. In Japanese
theatre, Noh percussionist’s voice, Kakegoe, may present
growl at the beginning of phonation.
Growl may have perceptual similarities with the
rough or harsh voice. In terms of phonetics, growl
is sometimes described as the voiced aryepiglottic trill
[3]. However, there is no clear evidence of its produc-
tion mechanism, such as physiological observation of the
aryepglottic vibration.
In throat singing (Tyvan khoomei and Mongolian
khoomij), ventricular and vocal fold vibration was ob-
served for the two different laryngeal voices (drone and
kargyraa) [4, 9]. In drone, the basic voice in throat
singing with a whistle-like high overtone, the ventricular
fold vibration is at the same frequency as the vocal fold
vibration. In kargyraa, which usually sounds one octave
(or more) lower than the modal register, the ventricular
folds vibrate at when the vocal folds vibrate at .
Moreover, some singers can do triple-periodic kargyraa
in which the ventricular folds vibrate at .
In this paper, the phonation mode with ventricular and vocal fold
vibration is called VVM (vocal-ventricular mode) [4]. In
growl, there is no clear evidence of the ventricular fold
vibration.

TO READ THE WHOLE ARTICLE , PLEASE CLICK ON THE LINK BELOW/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228485036_Growl_voice_in_ethnic_and_pop_styles

LEONARDO FUKS’s BIOGRAPHY, BRAZIL

ABOUT LEONARDO FUKS:

leonardo fuks 2.jpg

Associate professor at Rio de Janeiro Federal University School of Music, Leonardo Fuks combines a background in mechanical and acoustical engineering with a 25 years carrier as orchestra oboist and contemporary music performer.
He obtained his doctoral degree at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, with prof. Johan Sundberg, studing acoustical, physiological and perceptual aspects in woodwinds and in Tibetan-type bass phonation.
His main present project deals with the development and production of new instruments for research, education and experimental music. Such instruments and components are usually inexpensive and made of non-conventional materials, such as resins, carbon fiber, pvc and plastic films.
Fuks´workshop has produced more than two thousant professional clarinet and sax mouthpieces, besides flute bocals and baroque oboes.
His lectures and workshops have been presented in several countries: Japan, USA, Mexico, Germany, Denmark, Poland, Switzerland, Italy and Sweden.
Dr Fuks is the founder and director of two contemporary ensembles: Cyclophonica Bike Orchestra and Cellphonica,  a group that employs cell phones as conventional solo and chamber instruments.

 

LEONARDO FUKS : Computer-aided musical analysis of extended vocal techniques for compositional applications

Computer-aided musical analysis of extended vocal techniques for compositional applications
compmus.ime.usp.br
Leonardo  Fuks
leonardo fuks

Leonardo Fuks

To read the whole article , please click on the link below:

Computer-aided_musical_analysis_of_exten

 

https://www.academia.edu/30880857/Computer-aided_musical_analysis_of_extended_vocal_techniques_for_compositional_applications

 

Ken-Ichi Sakakibara, Leonardo Fuks, Hiroshi Imagawa, Niro Tayama: Growl Voice in Ethnic and Pop Styles

CLICK ON THIS LINK TO READ THE WHOLE PAPER :

https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A528dbdd7-5280-4bf2-b448-c79009c9a6d2

Growl Voice in Ethnic and Pop Styles

Ken-Ichi Sakakibara (1 2), Leonardo Fuks (3), Hiroshi Imagawa(4), Niro Tayama(5)

1NTTCommunication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Japan

2Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, Japan School of Music,

3Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

4Department of Speech Physiology, The University of Tokyo, Japan

5International Medical Center of Japan, Japan

Abstract

Among the so-called extended vocal techniques, vocal growl is a rather common effect in some ethnic (e.g. the Xhosa people in South Africa) and pop styles (e.g. Jazz, Louis Armstrong-type) of music. Growl usually consists of simultaneous vibrations of the vocal folds and supraglottal structures of the larynx, either in harmonic or subharmonic co-oscillation.

This paper examines growl mechanism using videofluoroscopy and high-speed imaging, and its acousitcal characteristics by spectral analysis and model simulation. In growl, the larynx position is usually high and aryepiglottic folds vibrate. The aryepiglottic constriction is associated to a unique shape of the vocal tract, including the larynx tube, and characterizes growl.

Leonardo FUKS , Britta HAMMARBERG, Johan SUNDBERG : A self-sustained vocal-ventricular phonation mode: acoustical, aerodynamic and glottographic evidences

A self-sustained vocal-ventricular phonation mode: acoustical, aerodynamic and glottographic evidences

Authors
Leonardo Fuks, Britta Hammarberg, Johan Sundberg
Publication date
1998/3
Journal
KTH TMH-QPSR
Volume
3
Issue
1998
Pages
49-59
Description
This investigation describes various characteristics of a particular phonation mode, vocal-ventricular mode (VVM), as produced by a healthy, musically-trained subject. This phonation mode was judged as perceptually identical to that used in the Tibetan chant tradition. VVM covered a range close to an octave, starting at about 50 Hz. High-speed glottography revealed that the ventricular folds oscillated at half the frequency of the vocal folds thus yielding a frequency of f/2. Phonation at f/3 was also possible. Presumably, aerodynamic forces produced by the glottal flow pulses sustained the vibrations of the ventricular folds. Complementary aspects of this type of phonation were compared to phonation in modal and pulse registers by acoustical analysis of the audio signal, by inverse filtering of the flow signal and by electroglottography (EGG). In addition, oesophageal pressures were measured. These analyses …
Total citations
2000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018

LEONARDO FUKS : Sundry Sounds produced by Leonardo Fuks and other examples

VVM phonation mode, physical model (by L.Fuks)


This is a simplified physical model proposed by me for the larynx during VVM phonation mode, which produces similar sounds to those from the Tibetan Chant tradition. Below, the vocal folds (m1,m2) and above, the false or ventricular folds (m3). In this example, vocal folds oscillate at a frequency which is twice as that of the ventricular folds. The letters m stand for mass, k for stiffness, and r for damping coefficient. Indexes r-l stand for left and right sides, respectively.

Sundry Sounds produced by Leonardo Fuks and other examples

During my research work in music acoustics I created/recorded/processed some gigabytes of sound files, most of them of no musical interest for the listener.
However, a few of them might be listened by tolerant and attentive ears. They are presented below.
The first group of sound files refers to Paper VI of my thesis, which are identified with the Tibetan Chant voice, and other extended vocal effects investigated in the paper.

FILES IN REAL AUDIO FORMAT

Vocal-ventricular sounds (used in Tibetan and Mongolian “undertone” singing):
0.Original sounds from the Gyuto Monastery, Tibet

1.Fixed fundamental and sweeping overtones
2.f0/2 and f0/3 VVM
3. An imitation of a Tibetan Chant context (rather similar to 0, above)

4. Popeye the Saylor used VVM !! (an original recording from a William Costello’s version)
5. VVM and flute improvisation
6. Overtone singing in VVM mode, melody of “Oh, Susanah” (see the spectrogram)

Periodic pulse register , see Paper VI
7. Alternation between pulse register (“fry”) and modal voice
8. “Vocal fry” at fo/1,fo/2, fo/3, f0/4, fo/5 & back to 1

Vocal Growl (co-oscillation of vocal folds and epiglottis)-similar to the mechanism used by Louis Armstrong

9. Periodic Growl, in f0/2 and fo/3, with overtone singing

Tarogato (wooden saxophone from Hungary)
10.Tarogato(from the theme of Ravel’s La Valse)

A piece for OBOE called “My Six Marigaux 10499’s”, recorded in 6 channels
11.6oboes

All recordings, excepted by numbers 0 (Gyuto Monks, Tibet) and 4 (Popeye, W. Costello) are performed by Leonardo Fuks

To the THESIS INTRODUCTION – FROM AIR TO MUSIC: Acoustical, Physiological and Perceptual Aspects of Reed Wind Instrument Playing and Vocal-Ventricular Fold Phonation

http://www.speech.kth.se/music/publications/leofuks/leosounds.html

HTML by Leonardo Fuks

Last update 98.12.30

Sundry Sounds produced by Leonardo Fuks and other examples

VVM phonation mode, physical model (by L.Fuks)


This is a simplified physical model proposed by me for the larynx during VVM phonation mode, which produces similar sounds to those from the Tibetan Chant tradition. Below, the vocal folds (m1,m2) and above, the false or ventricular folds (m3). In this example, vocal folds oscillate at a frequency which is twice as that of the ventricular folds. The letters m stand for mass, k for stiffness, and r for damping coefficient. Indexes r-l stand for left and right sides, respectively.

Sundry Sounds produced by Leonardo Fuks and other examples

During my research work in music acoustics I created/recorded/processed some gigabytes of sound files, most of them of no musical interest for the listener.
However, a few of them might be listened by tolerant and attentive ears. They are presented below.
The first group of sound files refers to Paper VI of my thesis, which are identified with the Tibetan Chant voice, and other extended vocal effects investigated in the paper.

FILES IN REAL AUDIO FORMAT

Vocal-ventricular sounds (used in Tibetan and Mongolian “undertone” singing):
0.Original sounds from the Gyuto Monastery, Tibet

1.Fixed fundamental and sweeping overtones
2.f0/2 and f0/3 VVM
3. An imitation of a Tibetan Chant context (rather similar to 0, above)

4. Popeye the Saylor used VVM !! (an original recording from a William Costello’s version)
5. VVM and flute improvisation
6. Overtone singing in VVM mode, melody of “Oh, Susanah” (see the spectrogram)

Periodic pulse register , see Paper VI
7. Alternation between pulse register (“fry”) and modal voice
8. “Vocal fry” at fo/1,fo/2, fo/3, f0/4, fo/5 & back to 1

Vocal Growl (co-oscillation of vocal folds and epiglottis)-similar to the mechanism used by Louis Armstrong

9. Periodic Growl, in f0/2 and fo/3, with overtone singing

Tarogato (wooden saxophone from Hungary)
10.Tarogato(from the theme of Ravel’s La Valse)

A piece for OBOE called “My Six Marigaux 10499’s”, recorded in 6 channels
11.6oboes

All recordings, excepted by numbers 0 (Gyuto Monks, Tibet) and 4 (Popeye, W. Costello) are performed by Leonardo Fuks

To the THESIS INTRODUCTION – FROM AIR TO MUSIC: Acoustical, Physiological and Perceptual Aspects of Reed Wind Instrument Playing and Vocal-Ventricular Fold Phonation

HTML by Leonardo Fuks

Last update 98.12.30

http://www.speech.kth.se/music/publications/leofuks/leosounds.html

Design a site like this with WordPress.com
Get started